EPL, F1 have most to lose if nation pulls out of European Union, Agence France-Presse reports

PARIS - Can British sport, which has benefited massively from the opening of European borders, survive Brexit?

According to experts, the uncertainty created by Britain's probable EU exit could undermine the multibillion-dollar Premier League and Formula One.

Since its inception in 1992, the Premier League has become the richest soccer enterprise in the world, a financial juggernaut fueled by huge television contracts that has attracted a global audience.

The analysts interviewed by AFP are cautious in their assessment of Brexit's impact, not least because the entire political process hangs in the balance. But they all point to factors that could reduce Britain's attractiveness to sports stars.

Big wages and an English-speaking environment have attracted foreign players in droves to the Premier League - nearly 63 percent of the players registered in October 2018 were non-British, according to the CIES Football Observatory.

"Part of the Premier League's brand proposition is that it is very diverse, very cosmopolitan and clearly you have got many of the best players in the world," said Simon Chadwick, professor of sports enterprise at Salford University in northwest England.

"In terms of fan engagement, there is something for everyone in the EPL. So anything as a country that we do to challenge what exists already is potentially a major risk."

The post-Brexit landscape will partly depend on the extent of immigration restrictions placed on foreign athletes once Britain has left the EU. That could potentially determine the willingness of stars like Chelsea's Belgian midfielder Eden Hazard and Liverpool's Egyptian forward Mo Salah to play in England.

The rapid development of the Premier League came on the back of the 1995 Bosman ruling that freed up players' movement in Europe, unshackled them from clubs and created the conditions of the current transfer market.

Other factors played a role, not least English clubs' five-year-long exile from Europe following the 1985 disaster at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels when 39 people were killed after Liverpool supporters attending the European Cup final charged into the Juventus section and a wall collapsed.

"English clubs built their financial power (before Bosman)," said Didier Primault, sports economist at the Centre of Law and Economy of Sport in Limoges, France.

The horrors of Heysel were compounded by the Hillsborough disaster four years later when 96 Liverpool fans were crushed to death during an FA Cup semifinal against Nottingham Forest.

"With that as the background, the clubs had no choice but to rebuild their stadiums, make them safer and to develop and diversify their revenues," Primault added.

Eventually, the increasingly attractive package caught the attention of foreign investors.

Russian magnate Roman Abramovich snapped up Chelsea and spent heavily to recruit foreign players, followed by Abu Dhabi investors who bought Manchester City and delivered its first league title in 44 years. Crosstown rival Manchester United is owned by the Glazer family from the United States.

State of flux

The huge expansion was assisted by enormous leaps in the value of multi-media broadcasting contracts, especially from Rupert Murdoch's Sky TV.

Can that pace be maintained in post-Brexit era?

"Brexit has come at a bad time for the Premier League," Chadwick said, pointing out that Spain's La Liga and the German Bundesliga have made strides in recent years.

"The competition is catching up. The Premier League has always had 'first mover' advantage - it has always got to those overseas markets first, it has always got the TV deals first, and I think a lot of these other leagues have become savvy and are responding to it."

Premier League TV revenues are still far ahead of any other league, but they did stagnate for the 2019-2022 period.

"The staple for the Premier League has been media rights. But that broadcasting landscape is in a massive state of flux at the moment and nobody really knows what it's going to look like in five years' time," Chadwick said.

Another sport eyeing Brexit with concern is Formula One. Seven out of 10 of the teams are based in England, and Formula One's headquarters is in London.

F1 CEO Chase Carey insists the sport is "pretty immune" to issues arising from Brexit but said contingency measures were being taken in case it becomes more difficult to move cars and components in and out of Britain.

Once again, other countries are keen to take a slice of the teams' business.

"If Formula One teams are at a competitive disadvantage by being based in the UK, there are countries like Abu Dhabi, for example, that would potentially make it very easy for teams to go there," Chadwick said.

Agence France-Presse