www射-国产免费一级-欧美福利-亚洲成人福利-成人一区在线观看-亚州成人

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
China / Society

A History of Tobacco in China

(chinadaily.com.cn) Updated: 2014-01-13 11:23

China's anti-smoking movement was first recorded in 1639, when Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644) Emperor Chongzhen issued a national ban on tobacco and stipulated that tobacco addicts be executed. In 1637, Qing Dynasty (AD 1644–1911) Emperor Kangxi expanded the death penalty to those who possess tobacco.

A History of Tobacco in China

Qing Dynasty (AD 1644–1911) Emperor Kang Xi. [Photo/xinhuanet.com.cn] 

In 1817, the British began to sell a narcotic drug, Indian opium, to China as a way to reduce the trade deficit and to make the Indian colony profitable. The Qing Administration originally tolerated opium importation because it created an indirect tax on Chinese subjects, while allowing the British to double tea exports from China to England. However, by 1820 the planting of tea in the Indian and African colonies, along with accelerated opium consumption, reversed the flow of silver, and the drug had poisoned thousands of Chinese civilians.

A History of Tobacco in China

Photograph of two opium eaters in Qing Dynasty (AD 1644–1911). [Photo/tobaccochina.com]

In 1839, the Daoguang Emperor appointed Lin Zexu Governor of Guangdong province to reduce and eliminate the opium trade. On his arrival at Guangzhou, Lin banned the sale of opium, demanded that all opium be surrendered to the Chinese authorities, and required that all foreign traders sign a "no opium trade" bond. Overall 20,000 chests (each holding about 55 kilograms) were handed over and destroyed in a 23-day campaign beginning June 3, 1839.

A History of Tobacco in China

Wax statues of Lin Zexu (right) and Qing Dynasty (AD 1644–1911) Emperor Daoguang in Fuzhou city of Fujian province on May 23, 2013. [Photo/icpress.cn]

Although tobacco was consumed in China as early as the 1500s, cigarettes didn't arrive until the late 1800s, according to the archives at the US's Duke University, immediately after the invention of the cigarette machine in 1881, James B. Duke (1865—1925) is reported to have leafed through a world atlas to survey the population of foreign countries. Coming to the figure 430,000,000, he exclaimed, "That is where we are going to sell cigarettes." The country was China, and in 1890 the Dukes exported the first cigarettes to the populous Asian nation.

A History of Tobacco in China

British-American Tobacco Company Limited is among the first batch of firms that introduced cigarettes to China. Its factory in the Pudong district of Shanghai by 1919 was producing more than 243 million cigarettes per week.[Photo/tobaccochina.com]

Advertisements featuring fashionable courtesans, or sing-song girls of Shanghai around the 1920s testified that the imported habit was trendy in what was then one of Asia's biggest cities.

A History of Tobacco in China

An advertisement for Shanghai's Meili brand cigarettes in the 1920s.[Photo/tobaccochina.com]

In April 1935, the Kuomintang Party that then governed China issued a decree that aimed to eliminate drugs in two years and cigarettes in six years. Chiang Kai-shek, the party head, reformed the anti-drug commission under military departments to an independent section in charge of smoking elimination in the nation, and personnally took command.

Since the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949, the new Chinese government launched a vigorous crackdown on drugs and tobacco. 369,705 people involved in drug making, trafficking and selling were detected and punished. Farmlands were inspected to eliminate opium poppies.

A History of Tobacco in China

A opium pipe confiscated during 1950s is on display at Shanghai Museum of Public Security in this undated photo. [Photo/bwg.police.sh.cn]

Although civilians were banned from the puff of pleasure, China's top leaders in the older generation took up the practice with gusto. Mao Zedong was often pictured with a cigarette in his hand, as in this 1957 shot of him meeting deputies from the Third National Congress of Chinese Communist Youth League.

A History of Tobacco in China

The chairman and his cigarette lighting fans, 1957. [Photo/xinhuanet.com.cn]

Mao's successor Deng Xiaoping, another chain smoker, loved expensive Panda cigarettes, and often proffered them to visiting dignitaries. Here he speaks with former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, while preparing to light up:

A History of Tobacco in China

US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in conversation with Deng Xiaoping. [Photo/xinhuanet.com.cn]

Previous Page 1 2 Next Page

Highlights
Hot Topics
...
主站蜘蛛池模板: 亚洲综合久久久久久中文字幕 | 精品国产免费观看一区 | 青青青免费手机版视频在线观看 | 曰本一区 | 最新99国产成人精品视频免费 | 成人韩免费网站 | 国产在线激情视频 | 99免费在线观看视频 | 色综合久久88色综合天天小说 | 免费区欧美一级毛片精品 | 成人国内精品久久久久影院 | 97视频免费观看2区 97视频免费上传播放 | shkd在线观看 | a级免费网站 | 国产成人综合高清在线观看 | 亚洲欧美手机在线观看 | 国产粉嫩高中生无套第一次 | 国产成人精品久久一区二区小说 | 国产成人亚洲精品2020 | 收集最新中文国产中文字幕 | 日韩一级片播放 | 亚洲精品福利一区二区三区 | freesex寂寞老妇hd | 国产精品亚洲片夜色在线 | 久久精品久久精品久久 | 不卡精品国产_亚洲人成在线 | 在线观看亚洲免费 | 久久精品国产91久久综合麻豆自制 | 亚洲成人免费在线视频 | 精品国产亚洲人成在线 | 欧美a极品极品欧美 | 精品热99| 久久精品国产精品亚洲综合 | 欧美一级片在线 | 亚洲加勒比久久88色综合一区 | 国产欧美日韩亚洲精品区2345 | 国产一进一出视频网站 | 国产亚洲欧美精品久久久 | 美女网站在线 | 在线观看亚洲网站 | 欧美aaaaa|