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'Gender
gap' is biggest in
Egypt | |
Women in Egypt are the furthest behind men in terms of economic
equality, while no country has closed the "gender gap" entirely, a new
survey has found.
Sweden has the smallest difference between the sexes, followed by
Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Finland, according to the World Economic
Forum.
The report singled out the US for particular criticism, saying it "lags
behind many Western European nations".
The WEF ranked nations on five criteria, including equal pay and
access to jobs.
Other factors were representation of women in decision-making
structures, equal access to education and access to reproductive
healthcare.
The WEF survey covered all 30 industrialised countries in the
Paris-based Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD),
plus 28 emerging market countries.
Several of the most populous nations in the world languish at the lower end of the
table. India, Pakistan, Turkey and Egypt are all in the bottom 10.
"Their rankings reflect large disparities between men and women of all
five areas of the index," the WEF said in its report, with the only bright
spot being India's high score for political empowerment of women.
Latin America has its share of poor performers, with Venezuela, Brazil
and Mexico all in the worst 10.
"The problem here appears to be not in the lack of opportunity once
women have entered the workforce, but rather in giving them access to the
educational training and basic rights, such as healthcare and political
empowerment, that will enable them to join the workforce," the WEF said.
The US, the world's largest economy, came 17th in the WEF's equality
table.
It "ranks poorly on the specific dimensions of economic opportunity and
health and well-being,
compromised by meagre maternity leave, the lack of maternity leave benefits and limited
government-provided childcare," the WEF said.
In Asia, China was the highest-rated country at number 33 - scoring
well on economic participation, but badly on education and political
empowerment. Japan is a few places behind at 38.
(Agencies) |
一項(xiàng)最新的調(diào)查表明，盡管世界上還沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家可以完全解決性別差距問(wèn)題，但埃及婦女在經(jīng)濟(jì)平等方面與本國(guó)男性差距最大。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的調(diào)查顯示，瑞典是全世界性別差距最小的國(guó)家，緊隨其后的是挪威、冰島、丹麥和芬蘭。
這份報(bào)告還單獨(dú)將美國(guó)列出，指責(zé)其“落后于許多西方國(guó)家”。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的排名主要基于五項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括平等的工資待遇和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
其他因素還包括：女性在決策機(jī)構(gòu)中的代表權(quán)、平等接受教育的權(quán)利以及享有生育保健的權(quán)利。
這次的調(diào)查覆蓋了總部設(shè)在巴黎的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織旗下的30個(gè)工業(yè)化國(guó)家，以及28個(gè)新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家。
好幾個(gè)世界人口大國(guó)的排名都很靠后。印度、巴基斯坦、土耳其和埃及都在后10名之列。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的報(bào)告指出：“這些國(guó)家的排名反映出在這五個(gè)調(diào)查領(lǐng)域里女性與男性的巨大差距。”唯一的亮點(diǎn)是印度婦女在政治權(quán)利一項(xiàng)中得分較高。
一些拉美國(guó)家的情況也很差，像委內(nèi)瑞拉、巴西和墨西哥，排名都在倒數(shù)前10名之內(nèi)。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇認(rèn)為，“問(wèn)題并不在于女性工作后不能獲得平等的機(jī)會(huì)，而是女性缺少接受教育培訓(xùn)的機(jī)會(huì)，女性的一些基本權(quán)利無(wú)法得到保障，比如健康保健和政治權(quán)利，而這些恰恰對(duì)女性就業(yè)有很大幫助。”
世界最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體美國(guó)在這次排名中名列第17位。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇指出美國(guó)在就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、健康和福利方面排名靠后，這主要是因?yàn)樵诿绹?guó)，婦女產(chǎn)假較短，產(chǎn)假期間收入較少，還有政府對(duì)兒童提供的照顧有限。
在亞洲國(guó)家中，中國(guó)表現(xiàn)最好，排在第33位——中國(guó)在婦女就業(yè)方面得分較高，但在教育和政治權(quán)利方面表現(xiàn)較差。日本稍落后于中國(guó)，排在第38位。
（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站譯） |
Updated: 2005-05-19 10:21
